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"en": "Putkiranta, Räsänen, Luoto, Mod, Virtanen: Mapping plant diversity in a northern boreal landscape using remotely sensed spectral variation",
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"en": "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n <jats:sec>\n <jats:title>Context</jats:title>\n <jats:p>The spectral variation hypothesis (SVH) suggests that remotely sensed spectral variation correlates with biodiversity. However, conflicting evidence has been presented regarding the SVH, it has not been widely tested in high-latitude landscapes, and its assessments mainly employ species richness, omitting other aspects of biodiversity.</jats:p>\n </jats:sec>\n <jats:sec>\n <jats:title>Objectives</jats:title>\n <jats:p>We examine plant diversity, spectral variation and the SVH across a northern boreal landscape utilizing high-spatial-resolution satellite imagery. We incorporate taxonomic, phylogenetic, functional, and indicator-based plant diversity metrics and visualize spatial differences between proposed plant diversity proxies.</jats:p>\n </jats:sec>\n <jats:sec>\n <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\n <jats:p>We surveyed plant community composition in peatlands, forests, and tundra in northwest Finland and calculated 14 diversity metrics for 355 sites. We compared observed diversity with (1) spatial, (2) temporal, (3) multivariate spatiotemporal spectral variation, and (4) multivariate machine learning. We used statistical relationships and machine learning models to create continuous maps of plant diversity.</jats:p>\n </jats:sec>\n <jats:sec>\n <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n <jats:p>While forests were generally more biodiverse than peatlands or tundra, each of these ecosystems obtained the highest values in some metrics. Spectral variation had positive correlations (0.14–0.72) across most dimensions of plant diversity, but relationships varied between ecosystems and were sometimes insignificant or negative. For example, plant diversity in forests was largely uncorrelated with spatial spectral variation. Temporal spectral variation was more strongly correlated with plant diversity than spatial spectral variation in a majority (41 of 56) of cases.</jats:p>\n </jats:sec>\n <jats:sec>\n <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title>\n <jats:p>While spectral variation was usually correlated with plant diversity, correlations varied among peatlands, forests, and tundra. Thus, methods for estimating plant diversity should be tailored to different biodiversity metrics and ecosystem types.</jats:p>\n </jats:sec>",
"fi": "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n <jats:sec>\n <jats:title>Context</jats:title>\n <jats:p>The spectral variation hypothesis (SVH) suggests that remotely sensed spectral variation correlates with biodiversity. However, conflicting evidence has been presented regarding the SVH, it has not been widely tested in high-latitude landscapes, and its assessments mainly employ species richness, omitting other aspects of biodiversity.</jats:p>\n </jats:sec>\n <jats:sec>\n <jats:title>Objectives</jats:title>\n <jats:p>We examine plant diversity, spectral variation and the SVH across a northern boreal landscape utilizing high-spatial-resolution satellite imagery. We incorporate taxonomic, phylogenetic, functional, and indicator-based plant diversity metrics and visualize spatial differences between proposed plant diversity proxies.</jats:p>\n </jats:sec>\n <jats:sec>\n <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\n <jats:p>We surveyed plant community composition in peatlands, forests, and tundra in northwest Finland and calculated 14 diversity metrics for 355 sites. We compared observed diversity with (1) spatial, (2) temporal, (3) multivariate spatiotemporal spectral variation, and (4) multivariate machine learning. We used statistical relationships and machine learning models to create continuous maps of plant diversity.</jats:p>\n </jats:sec>\n <jats:sec>\n <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n <jats:p>While forests were generally more biodiverse than peatlands or tundra, each of these ecosystems obtained the highest values in some metrics. Spectral variation had positive correlations (0.14–0.72) across most dimensions of plant diversity, but relationships varied between ecosystems and were sometimes insignificant or negative. For example, plant diversity in forests was largely uncorrelated with spatial spectral variation. Temporal spectral variation was more strongly correlated with plant diversity than spatial spectral variation in a majority (41 of 56) of cases.</jats:p>\n </jats:sec>\n <jats:sec>\n <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title>\n <jats:p>While spectral variation was usually correlated with plant diversity, correlations varied among peatlands, forests, and tundra. Thus, methods for estimating plant diversity should be tailored to different biodiversity metrics and ecosystem types.</jats:p>\n </jats:sec>",
"und": "<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n <jats:sec>\n <jats:title>Context</jats:title>\n <jats:p>The spectral variation hypothesis (SVH) suggests that remotely sensed spectral variation correlates with biodiversity. However, conflicting evidence has been presented regarding the SVH, it has not been widely tested in high-latitude landscapes, and its assessments mainly employ species richness, omitting other aspects of biodiversity.</jats:p>\n </jats:sec>\n <jats:sec>\n <jats:title>Objectives</jats:title>\n <jats:p>We examine plant diversity, spectral variation and the SVH across a northern boreal landscape utilizing high-spatial-resolution satellite imagery. We incorporate taxonomic, phylogenetic, functional, and indicator-based plant diversity metrics and visualize spatial differences between proposed plant diversity proxies.</jats:p>\n </jats:sec>\n <jats:sec>\n <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\n <jats:p>We surveyed plant community composition in peatlands, forests, and tundra in northwest Finland and calculated 14 diversity metrics for 355 sites. We compared observed diversity with (1) spatial, (2) temporal, (3) multivariate spatiotemporal spectral variation, and (4) multivariate machine learning. We used statistical relationships and machine learning models to create continuous maps of plant diversity.</jats:p>\n </jats:sec>\n <jats:sec>\n <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n <jats:p>While forests were generally more biodiverse than peatlands or tundra, each of these ecosystems obtained the highest values in some metrics. Spectral variation had positive correlations (0.14–0.72) across most dimensions of plant diversity, but relationships varied between ecosystems and were sometimes insignificant or negative. For example, plant diversity in forests was largely uncorrelated with spatial spectral variation. Temporal spectral variation was more strongly correlated with plant diversity than spatial spectral variation in a majority (41 of 56) of cases.</jats:p>\n </jats:sec>\n <jats:sec>\n <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title>\n <jats:p>While spectral variation was usually correlated with plant diversity, correlations varied among peatlands, forests, and tundra. Thus, methods for estimating plant diversity should be tailored to different biodiversity metrics and ecosystem types.</jats:p>\n </jats:sec>"
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"fi": "Poliisibarometri 2022 kartoittaa kansalaisten näkemyksiä poliisin toiminnasta sekä Suomen sisäisen turvallisuuden tilasta. Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin vastaajien luottamusta poliisiin, poliisin legitimiteettiä, poliisipalveluiden saatavuutta ja niiden onnistumista, poliisin näkyvyyttä sekä rikollisuuteen liittyviä kokemuksia ja rikoksista ilmoittamista. Tutkimus toteutettiin sisäministeriön, Tilastokeskuksen ja Poliisiammattikorkeakoulun yhteistyönä. Kyselyn alussa vastaajat arvioivat poliisin kykyä taata yleinen järjestys ja turvallisuus sekä poliisin eri tehtävien tärkeyttä. Seuraavaksi tiedusteltiin vastaajien mielipiteitä Suomen rikollisuustilanteesta ja turvallisuudesta. Vastaajilta kysyttiin, kuinka vakavana ongelmana he pitävät rikollisuutta lähiympäristössään sekä missä määrin eri asiat ja ilmiöt huolestuttavat heitä. Tämän jälkeen selvitettiin, onko vastaaja joutunut eri rikosten (mm. omaisuuden varastamisen, autovarkauden, aseellisen uhkauksen, tietomurron tai seksuaalisen ahdistelun) uhriksi, onko hän ollut todistajana tai asianomistajana rikosprosessissa sekä onko hän kokenut uhkailua tai painostusta jonkun rikosprosessiin osallistuvan taholta. Lisäksi kysyttiin, oliko vastaaja ilmoittanut poliisille viimeksi jouduttuaan rikoksen uhriksi tai kohteeksi, ja jos ei ollut, mikä oli syynä ilmoittamatta jättämiseen. Kyselyn viimeinen osio koski poliisin toiminnan arviointia. Siinä selvitettiin poliisipalveluiden saatavuutta ja näkyvyyttä kysymällä mm. kuinka usein poliisipartioita näkyy asuinalueella ja kuinka pitkä matka on lähimmälle poliisiasemalle. Poliisipalveluiden laatua arvioitiin kysymällä, onko vastaaja ollut yhteydessä poliisiin kuluneiden 12 kuukauden aikana, miksi hän oli yhteydessä poliisiin ja miten häntä kohdeltiin. Vastaajilta kysyttiin myös, miten hyvin poliisi on onnistunut eri tehtävien hoidossa ja ennaltaehkäisyssä sekä miten poliisipalvelut ovat kehittyneet asuinseudulla viime aikoina. Lopuksi vastaajat arvioivat sitä, suhtautuuko poliisi ihmisiin eri tavoin heidän etnisistä piirteistään tai sosioekonomisesta asemastaan johtuen sekä omaa luottamustaan poliisin, palo- ja pelastustoimen, hätäkeskuksen, yksityisten vartiointiliikkeiden, rajavartiolaitoksen, tullin, puolustusvoimien ja oikeuslaitoksen toimintaan. Taustamuuttujia ovat vastaajan sukupuoli, ikä, työmarkkina-asema, koulutus, tuloluokka, poliisilaitosalue sekä vastaajan tai hänen lähisukulaisensa työskentely poliisin palveluksessa.",
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"en": "# Overview\nSignal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) is a parahydrogen-based hyperpolarisation technique that significantly enhances nuclear magnetic resonance signals without expensive hardware. While conventional SABRE relies on a static polarisation transfer field set near the level anticrossing (LAC) condition, recent work has shown that oscillating fields can substantially boost the hyperpolarisation levels. Here, we develop a new theoretical model that generalises the LAC condition to account for the oscillating polarisation transfer fields, thereby explaining the spin dynamics of SABRE under such conditions. We demonstrate that the oscillating fields can be used to optimise coherent polarisation transfer while simultaneously suppressing scalar relaxation of the second kind. Large-scale spin dynamics simulations and experiments show enhanced 19F hyperpolarisation compared to conventional SABRE, with a 79% improvement observed experimentally. This work demonstrates a generalisable strategy for improving the efficiency of SABRE, advancing its potential for various applications, such as in biomedicine.\n\n# Data\nThis dataset includes the following compressed archives:\n- Code.zip\n- Experiments.zip\n- Results.zip\n\n## Code.zip\nThis archive contains a clone of the GitHub repository of the project. It includes:\n- Jupyter notebooks to support the theoretical discussion\n- Jupyter notebooks for simple SABRE simulations\n- Python scripts for advanced SABRE simulations\n- Python scripts for experimental data processing\n\n## Experiments.zip\nThis archive contains the experimental files output by the spectrometer and the raw output of the data processing scripts. The experiment folders have been categorised using a consistent naming scheme :\n- Nucleus: 1H or 19F\n- Experiment type: FieldDep, BuildUp, Relaxation, Thermal Equilibrium\n- Applied magnetic field\n\n## Results.zip\nThis archive contains Excel sheets where both the experimental and simulated data have been organised and processed further. The data has been organised into three files:\n- Experimental results\n- 3 spin simulations\n- 8 spin simulations"
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"fi": "Aineisto kartoittaa sosiaalityön lapsiperhepalveluiden asiakkaiden kokemuksia sosiaalihuollon palveluista sekä työntekijöiden toiminnasta. Aineisto on kerätty osana SULAVA-hanketta, jossa tutkittiin sosiaalihuollon laatua ja vaikuttavuutta Sisä-Suomen yhteistyöalueella vuosina 2024-2025. Aluksi kyselyssä selvitettiin lapsiperheiden sosiaalipalveluiden käyttöä ja niiden tarvetta. Vastaajilta tiedusteltiin esimerkiksi, kuinka pitkään he ovat olleet palveluiden asiakkaana, minkä syyn takia ja kuinka usein he tapaavat tai ovat yhteydessä heidän sosiaalihuollon työntekijäänsä. Lisäksi vastaajan tuli arvioida perheensä elämänlaatua. Tämän jälkeen kysyttiin asiakaspalvelukokemuksista sosiaalihuollossa sekä sosiaalihuollon työskentelyn sisällöstä. Vastaajilta kysyttiin kokemuksia sosiaalihuollon palveluista, työntekijöiden toiminnasta ja vuorovaikutuksesta heidän kanssaan. Vastaajat arvioivat muun muassa työntekijöiden asiantuntemusta, ymmärtäväisyyttä, kunnioittavuutta ja luotettavuutta sekä tyytyväisyyttään saatuihin palveluihin. Seuraavaksi tarkasteltiin vastaajan tyytyväisyyttä eri toimijoiden tarjoamaan tukeen. Vastaajat arvioivat myös, kuinka hyvin sosiaalihuollon työskentely on vastannut heidän omia tavoitteitaan ja odotuksiaan. Lisäksi vastaajat kertoivat, mistä työskentelystä tai palveluista on ollut eniten ja vähiten hyötyä. Lopuksi he arvioivat elämäntilanteensa muutosta asiakkuuden aikana. Taustamuuttujina ovat vastaajan sukupuoli, ikä, äidinkieli, asema perheessä, hyvinvointialue, koulutusaste, pääasiallinen toiminta, kotitalouden henkilömäärä sekä lapsiperheiden palveluiden asiakkuudessa olevien lasten lukumäärä ja ikä."
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"fi": "Aineistossa on kartoitettu yhdeksäsluokkalaisten rikoskäyttäytymistä ja uhrikokemuksia. Uutena osiona vuonna 2020 vastaajaa pyydettiin arvioimaan kuinka hyvin erilaiset väitteet muun muassa ystävällisyydestä, levottomuudesta, tottelevaisuudesta ja univaikeuksista pätevät häneen. Lisäksi vuoden 2020 kyselyssä kysyttiin ystävien tekemistä viharikoksista, verkkovihan levittämisestä, sähköisestä kiusaamisesta ja seksuaalisesta häirinnästä. Aiempia vuosia tarkemmin kysyttiin kyberrikollisuudesta ja sosiaalisen median vihasisällöstä. Aluksi kysyttiin vastaajan koulumenestyksestä, tulevaisuuden suunnitelmista ja perheestä. Kysely rakentuu useasta laajasta kysymyspatterista liittyen kiellettyjen tekojen tekemiseen sekä niiden uhriksi joutumiseen. Kokemuksista kysytään erikseen vastaajan koko elämän ajalta sekä viimeisen kahdentoista kuukauden ajalta. Lisäksi kysytään tarkentavia kysymyksiä. Kyselyssä käsiteltäviä kiellettyjä tekoja ovat muun muassa luvaton poissaolo koulusta, vahingonteot, varastaminen, sähköinen ja perinteinen kiusaaminen, seksuaalinen häirintä, väkivalta, aseen mukana pitäminen ja päihteiden käyttäminen. Kiellettyjen tekojen tarkentavissa kysymyksissä kysyttiin muun muassa, kuinka monta kertaa vastaaja on tehnyt teon viimeisen 12 kuukauden aikana, toimiko vastaaja yksin, missä teko tapahtui, liittyikö tekoon vihamotiivi ja saiko poliisi tietää teosta. Seuraavaksi kartoitettiin tekoja, joita muut henkilöt ovat tehneet vastaajalle. Uhrikokemusten kohdalla tarkentavia kysymyksiä olivat esimerkiksi, kuka oli tekijä ja koituiko vastaajalle tapahtumista seurauksia, kuten fyysisiä vammoja. Vastaajilta tiedusteltiin myös, ovatko vanhemmat koskaan rankaisseet heitä ruumiillisesti tai ovatko eri henkilöt, kuten perheenjäsenet, muut nuoret tai muut aikuiset, käyttäneet fyysistä väkivaltaa vastaajaa kohtaan. Edelleen kartoitettiin nuoren asuinympäristöä, koulun ilmapiiriä sekä nuoren vapaa-ajan aktiviteetteja. Kyselyssä kysyttiin myös, käytetäänkö vastaajan kaveripiirissä päihteitä, kuten marihuanaa, sekä varasteleeko tai tappeleeko joku vastaajan ystävistä. Vastaajilta kysyttiin myös heidän suhteestaan vanhempiinsa sekä selvitettiin vastaajan näkemyksiä heidän laittomiin tekoihinsa, yhteiskunnan monimuotoisuuteen, onnellisuuteen, luonteenpiirteisiin. Lopuksi tiedusteltiin, halusiko nuori kertoa todenmukaisesti kokemuksistaan kyselyssä. Taustamuuttujia ovat muun muassa vastaajan sukupuoli, ikä, asumisvuodet nykyisellä paikkakunnalla, sisarusten määrä, kotona puhuttu kieli, vanhempien työmarkkina-asema ja perheen taloudellinen tilanne."
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"description": {
"en": "The corpus, containing the articles from Yle https://yle.fi from 2011-2024, as scrambled sentences, is available via Korp in Kielipankki – the Language Bank of Finland.\n\nThis collection contains two sets of the Yle Finnish News Archive: \"Yle Finnish News Archive 2011-2021, scrambled, Korp\" and \"Yle Finnish News Archive 2022-2024, scrambled, Korp\".\nTogether, the two corpora cover all content of the Yle Finnish News Archive from 1st January 2011 to 31st December 2024.\n\nFor further details on various versions of the Yle News Archive, see the resource group page at http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:lb-2021020901"
},
"field_of_science": [
{
"id": "62b43705-b725-40cd-aa4f-f5b1465678e1",
"url": "http://www.yso.fi/onto/okm-tieteenala/ta6121",
"in_scheme": "http://www.yso.fi/onto/okm-tieteenala/conceptscheme",
"pref_label": {
"en": "Languages",
"fi": "Kielitieteet",
"sv": "Språkvetenskaper"
}
}
],
"infrastructure": [],
"keyword": [],
"language": [
{
"id": "c757dc29-552d-48b2-9efc-4d53b939a7ef",
"url": "http://lexvo.org/id/iso639-3/fin",
"in_scheme": "http://lexvo.org/id/",
"pref_label": {
"en": "Finnish",
"fi": "suomi",
"sv": "finska"
}
}
],
"metadata_owner": {
"id": "bf3b313b-729c-44b8-b12a-0fec9481962a",
"organization": "service_kielipankki"
},
"other_identifiers": [],
"persistent_identifier": "urn:nbn:fi:lb-2025112103",
"pid_generated_by_fairdata": false,
"projects": [],
"provenance": [],
"relation": [],
"remote_resources": [],
"spatial": [],
"state": "published",
"temporal": [],
"theme": [],
"title": {
"en": "Yle Finnish News Archive 2011-2024, scrambled, Korp (release candidate)",
"fi": "Ylen suomenkielinen uutisarkisto 2011-2024, sekoitettu, Korp (julkaisuehdokas)"
},
"created": "2025-11-21T00:00:00Z",
"modified": "2026-01-30T08:32:36Z",
"dataset_versions": [
{
"id": "a774a0d9-53e7-4430-9e7a-2de077d9f941",
"title": {
"en": "Yle Finnish News Archive 2011-2024, scrambled, Korp (release candidate)",
"fi": "Ylen suomenkielinen uutisarkisto 2011-2024, sekoitettu, Korp (julkaisuehdokas)"
},
"persistent_identifier": "urn:nbn:fi:lb-2025112103",
"state": "published",
"created": "2025-11-21T00:00:00Z",
"version": 1
}
],
"published_revision": 3,
"version": 1,
"api_version": 3,
"metadata_repository": "Fairdata"
}
]
}
